The GSMA has published an independent study by Plum to assess the economic value of eight major applications of spectrum. These include mobile services, wireless LANs, terrestrial broadcasting and satellite broadcasting. The study estimated the consumer surplus generated by the eight applications for the EU 27 in 2013 and 2023. The chart below summarises our findings.

The figure indicates that mobile services generate the greatest economic value by some way, followed by civil aviation. We predict that, in absolute terms, the economic value of mobile services will grow more than for any other application.