Plum, with TNS, assessed the economic potential for cross-border pay-to-view and/or listen audiovisual media services in the European Union. The study involved a review of the supply of audiovisual services over terrestrial, cable, satellite, IPTV and over-the-top platforms both nationally and across the EU, and consumer surveys on interest and willingness to pay for such services. The potential demand and cost of provision of cross-border services were then analysed.