As satellite communication rapidly advances, Earth Stations in Motion (ESIMs) emerge as pivotal elements in modern connectivity, particularly as the industry witnesses the rise of large constellations of non-geostationary (NGSO) fixed-satellite service (FSS) systems. These emerging constellations, poised to provide global broadband coverage, intensify the need for a more supportive regulatory framework for NGSO FSS ESIMs.

ESIMs, which include stations on aircraft, ships, and land vehicles, facilitate high-bandwidth, reliable connections to moving targets. This technology’s evolution brings forth complex regulatory challenges, necessitating a harmonized approach across international telecommunications and satellite communication domains.

With the increasing demand for continuous mobile connectivity and the shift towards higher frequency bands, regulatory bodies face the critical task of balancing efficient spectrum utilization with the protection of existing services. This paper delves into the regulatory frameworks shaping NGSO FSS ESIM operations.